
For many Zimbabwean men, seeking medical attention is often viewed as something to do only when illness becomes unbearable.
Routine check-ups, conversations about mental health and preventive healthcare remain low on the list of priorities for many men, with experts warning that this reluctance could be contributing to poorer health outcomes and shorter life expectancy.
The concern is reflected in national statistics.
According to the 2022 Population and Housing Census, men accounted for between 52 and 53.6 percent of all recorded deaths in Zimbabwe despite women making up a larger share of the population. The same data showed that men have a lower life expectancy, living an average of about 61 years compared to 68 years for women.
Research using Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey data has also found that men are less likely than women to seek healthcare services such as HIV testing, highlighting persistent gaps in health-seeking behaviour.
Health experts say these figures point to a deeper problem: many men are accessing healthcare too late, often when conditions have already progressed.
For a 29-year-old Harare man, the last routine health-related visit he made was four years ago when he went for an HIV test.
Since then, he has not returned for a check-up.
"I think if you didn't grow up going for regular health check-ups, you don't see the need to go unless you have an issue," he said.
His experience is not unique.
Twenty-four-year-old Edward believes the cost of healthcare discourages many men from seeking medical attention.
"The fee which is needed to see the doctor isn't cheap. Whether it is in government hospitals or private facilities, it becomes an expense unless you are already at a critical point," he said.
He admitted that many young men choose to ignore symptoms and hope they disappear.
"Some pain can be ignored because you think it is a minor problem. The reason is often the fee needed for treatment. Some cannot afford it."
Yet experts argue that the problem goes beyond finances.
Family therapist Tawanda Karise says many men are raised to endure pain rather than respond to it.
"Many men are taught to endure pain rather than respond to it. From an early age, vulnerability is often associated with weakness, while self-reliance is praised. As a result, many seek help only when symptoms become severe, not because they do not care about their health, but because they have learned to carry struggles silently," he said.
Karise believes the messages boys receive during childhood often shape their attitudes towards healthcare as adults.
"Boys who are repeatedly told to 'be strong', 'man up', or 'deal with it' often become men who struggle to recognise when they need support. Emotional awareness, help-seeking and self-care are learned behaviours. When these skills are not encouraged early, many men enter adulthood believing that asking for help is a sign of failure rather than responsibility."
According to Dr Jaravani, healthcare systems themselves also contribute to the disparity.
"Health structures for men and women are very different. A teenage girl gets more attention because she starts menstruating and already there are structures that require her to seek medical attention. When women get pregnant, they go for check-ups until the baby is born and the baby continues receiving health checks and vaccinations. It is easier for women to get treatment and medical attention unlike men," he said.
He noted that many boys gradually disengage from healthcare systems as they grow older.
"When children are born, they are put on immunisation programmes and monitored as they grow. In some countries, when they reach their teenage years they are enrolled in programmes that promote general health and regular check-ups. But this is in countries that already have the structures and budgets to do so."
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As modern lifestyles evolve, new health risks are emerging.
"With time things change. We have new diseases coming and nowadays lifestyles are different from the past, where men used to do hard labour. Nowadays people are on their computers," said Dr Jaravani.
Long working hours, economic pressures, inactivity and stress are increasingly affecting men's wellbeing.
Mental Health Advocate and Counsellor Leonnel Chikwature says traditional ideas about masculinity often make the situation worse.
"Traditional concepts of masculinity prioritise self-reliance, stoicism and physical dominance. Voicing a health concern, especially a mental health struggle or a perceived sexual shortcoming, directly threatens this identity. To preserve the illusion of being unbreakable, many men choose silence," he said.
According to Chikwature, stress does not remain confined to the mind.
"When stress becomes chronic, the body constantly releases cortisol and adrenaline. This can contribute to elevated blood pressure, increased risk of heart disease, reduced libido and erectile difficulties. Many men focus on treating physical symptoms without recognising that prolonged stress may be driving the problem underneath."
He added that depression and anxiety often manifest differently in men.
"Depression and anxiety in men are often masked and expressed as irritability, anger, substance use or withdrawal rather than sadness. Many men fear judgment, embarrassment or being seen as inadequate."
The reluctance to seek professional help sometimes leads men towards self-medication.
Dr Jaravani warned that some men resort to unregulated sexual enhancement products instead of seeking proper diagnosis and treatment.
"Many medical problems with men start with stress, depression, smoking, drinking and diabetes. Some of these issues eventually cause problems below the belt. Instead of seeking proper medical advice, some men turn to stimulating drugs and drinks for better performance," he said.
He cautioned that such products may do more harm than good.
"All those things damage men. If you have a problem, don't go around the streets getting
packets from anyone. Some of them don't even need those products. What they need is a correct diagnosis from a professional doctor and treatment that is specific to their condition."
For Karise, changing attitudes starts at home and within communities.
"Approach with concern rather than criticism. Instead of focusing on what is wrong with him, focus on what he is carrying. Men are far more likely to seek support when they feel understood rather than corrected," he said.
Chikwature believes men should begin viewing healthcare as preventive maintenance rather than emergency repair.
"The gold standard is shifting the mindset from fixing a broken engine to routine preventative maintenance. Men should schedule regular check-ups even when they feel healthy and seek support before problems become overwhelming."
Karise agrees.
"The healthiest men are not those who never struggle. They are those who recognise when something is wrong and take action before silence turns a manageable issue into a serious one."
As Zimbabwe grapples with rising non communicable diseases, mental health challenges and persistent healthcare gaps, experts say encouraging men to seek help earlier could improve not only their health outcomes but also the wellbeing of families and communities.
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